Polyurethane wani abu ne mai tasowa na kwayoyin halitta, wanda aka sani da "Fifth Plastic", kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a fannoni da yawa na tattalin arzikin kasa saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa.A halin yanzu, kasar Sin ita ce kan gaba wajen samar da sinadarin polyurethane a duniya, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 45% na samar da polyurethane a duniya.Akwai nau'ikan samfuran polyurethane da yawa, kuma polyurethane elastomer na ɗaya daga cikinsu.Polyurethane elastomer wani nau'i ne na kayan elastomer da ke dauke da karin ƙungiyoyin carbamate a kan babban sarkar polymer, kuma abu ne na polymer wanda zai iya dawowa da kyau bayan an kawar da ƙarfin waje da aka yi amfani da shi.
Za a iya raba elastomer na polyurethane zuwa thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU), jefa polyurethane elastomers (CPU) da kuma hadawar polyurethane elastomers (MPU) bisa ga matakai daban-daban, daga cikinsu TPU shine mafi girma.Masana'antar TPU wani reshe ne na masana'antar polyurethane, wanda ke cikin ƙasan dukkan sarkar masana'antar sinadarai, kusa da ƙarshen kasuwar mabukaci.
01 Rarraba na polyurethane elastomers
TPU shine samfurin elastomer na polyurethane.Abubuwan da ake buƙata kamar su polyols, MDI, BDO, adipic acid, da ethylene glycol da ake buƙata don samar da shi duk abubuwan da aka samo asali ne na man fetur ko kuma samfuran, kuma samfuran sinadarai ne na ƙasa.TPU reshe ne na kayan elastomer na thermoplastic.Abu ne na polymer wanda aka sanya shi daga kayan albarkatun ƙasa guda uku: diisocyanate, polyol macromolecular, da sarkar sarkar (ƙananan diol kwayoyin halitta).
Idan aka kwatanta da na gaba ɗaya-manufa filastik da kayan roba, TPU yana da nau'i mai yawa na taurin, fitattun kayan aikin injiniya, kyakkyawan juriya mai girma / ƙananan zafin jiki, kyakkyawan aiki na aiki, kyakkyawan yanayin muhalli, filastik mai ƙarfi, ƙirar ƙira mai ƙarfi, da ingantaccen nuna gaskiya.Ba wai kawai yana da babban elasticity na kayan roba ba, har ma yana da ƙarfin ƙarfin robobin injiniya.
02 Halayen kayan TPU
Bayer ta fara samar da TPU cikin nasara a cikin 1958, kuma manyan kamfanonin sinadarai a Turai da Amurka sun ci gaba da yin sa cikin nasara.A cikin 1970s, Japan ta gabatar da kayan aikin TPU na Jamus da kuma gabatar da fasahar samar da TPU zuwa Taiwan.Kasar Sin ta fuskanci fasahar samar da TPU tun daga shekarun 1980, amma ba ta samu ci gaba a fannin bincike da ci gaba da fasaha ba.Bayan 1990s, tare da karuwar bukatar kasuwa na kayan TPU, bayan da kamfanonin Turai, Amurka da Taiwan suka shiga cikin babban yankin, wasu masana'antun yankin sun fara samarwa da sayar da TPU.
03 Tarihin ci gaban masana'antar TPU ta duniya da ta Sin
Godiya ga kyakkyawan aikin samfurinsa, buƙatun kasuwa na TPU a fannonin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da yawa kamar kayan masarufi na yau da kullun, samar da masana'antu, kiwon lafiya, tsaro na ƙasa da masana'antar soja ya karu sosai.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sake fitar da sabon ƙarfin samar da TPU na ƙasata ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kuma yawan aiki na TPU ya karu akai-akai a cikin 2018 da 2019. Daga 2014 zuwa 2019, adadin haɓakar haɓakar shekara-shekara na samar da TPU na cikin gida ya kai 15.46% .A cikin 2019, ma'aunin masana'antar TPU na ƙasata ya ci gaba da haɓaka, tare da fitar da kusan tan 512,900.A hankali ƙasata ta zarce Turai da Amurka don zama mafi girma a duniya mai samarwa da masu amfani da TPU, kuma matsakaicin yawan amfanin shekara-shekara ya kiyaye saurin girma na kusan 10%.
04 Trend Chart na Samar da TPU a China daga 2014 zuwa 2019
Lamarin Xiangshui ya shafa a shekarar 2019, gwamnati ta hanzarta sabunta wuraren shakatawar sinadarai.A lokaci guda, hauhawar farashin isocyanate albarkatun kasa ya karu da farashin samar da wasu ƙananan masana'antu.Koyaya, masana'antun da aka kafa, gami da Huafon, BASF, da Meirui, suna ci gaba da faɗaɗa layinsu da haɓaka samarwa, da haɓaka kasuwancin su.Mahimmancin masana'antu yana ci gaba da tashi.Daga cikin masu samar da TPU na gida, rukunin Huafon da Yantai Wanhua sun mamaye manyan mukamai a iya samarwa.
05 Rarraba tsarin samar da TPU na kasar Sin a cikin 2019
Kodayake ma'aunin samar da TPU na cikin gida na ƙasa yana da girma, ba ta da fa'ida a cikin fagage da aka raba.Musamman a tsakiyar kasuwa-zuwa-ƙarshe, kamfanoni na duniya kamar BASF da Huntsman suna da fa'idodin fasaha na musamman.Ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin gudanarwa, sun inganta aikin samfur da inganci yayin da suke rage farashin samar da kayayyaki, suna mamaye babban kaso na tsakiyar-zuwa-ƙarshe da kasuwanni masu tsayi.A halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antun TPU a cikin ƙasata ba su da mahimmancin fa'idodin fasaha, tsarin samfurin guda ɗaya, da jinkirin ci gaba a cikin sababbin samfurori, wanda ke haifar da rashin ƙarfi na kasuwa gabaɗaya, kuma yana da wuya a haɓaka ribar masana'antu yadda ya kamata.
Hanyar ci gaban fasaha, ma'auni, tsarin gasa, ƙimar girma, da matakin riba na masana'antar TPU kai tsaye ya dogara da buƙatun kasuwa na masana'antu na ƙasa.
Bayanai sun nuna cewa, yayin da ake maye gurbin kayan roba da na roba na gargajiya a hankali da kayan da ba su dace da muhalli ba, amfani da TPU zai ci gaba da bunkasa, kuma za a yi amfani da shi sosai a fannoni da dama na tattalin arzikin kasa.Ana amfani da TPU galibi a cikin bututu, fina-finai, na'urorin lantarki, kayan takalma, sassan auto, gyare-gyaren encapsulation, watsa masana'antu, adhesives, wayoyi da igiyoyi da sauran filayen.Daga cikin su, kayan takalma sune babban kasuwar masu amfani da TPU, suna lissafin 40% na amfani da TPU.
06 Tsarin aikace-aikacen TPU na ƙasa
kasata ita ce kasa ta farko a duniya wajen samar da takalmi da fitar da takalmi, kuma abin da ake fitarwa ya kai sama da kashi 50% na jimillar duniya.Ƙirƙirar fasaha na kayan aiki mai mahimmanci shine muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar takalma.Idan aka kwatanta da kayan kawai na gargajiya, TPU yana da fa'ida a bayyane a cikin aiki, kuma amfaninsa yana ƙaruwa kowace rana.Daga cikin su, ETPU yana da fa'idodi masu ban sha'awa a cikin juriya da ɗaukar girgiza.Tafkin da aka yi da shi zai iya shawo kan tasirin ƙasa yadda ya kamata kuma ya fuskanci ƙafar ƙafa, yana ba da sakamako mai inganci mai inganci.
Gabaɗaya, masana'antar TPU tana da halaye na babban kaso na farashin albarkatun ƙasa, saurin sabunta samfuran sauri, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da samfura daban-daban, da bambance-bambancen buƙatun abokin ciniki.Don haka, matakin riba na masana'antu yana shafar abubuwa daban-daban kamar sauyin farashin albarkatun kasa, sabbin damar haɓaka samfura, da matakan sabis na abokin ciniki.Tare da m gabatarwar manufofin cikin gida da matakan da ake nufi da lafiyar wasanni na mazauna, da kuma inganta yawan amfani da mazauna da kuma kashe kudi na kayan wasanni, haɓakar buƙatun mabukaci na takalman wasanni na fasaha zai taimaka wajen inganta sararin aikace-aikacen TPU. masana'antu.A gefe guda, a cikin babban kasuwa Don nau'ikan irin su TPU calended, TPU likitanci, da TPU mai saurin zafi, ƙasar ta dogara ne akan shigo da kaya.Tare da tarin fasaha na dogon lokaci da saka hannun jari na R&D na kamfanonin TPU na cikin gida, ana sa ran za ta keta ikon mallakar kamfanonin ketare tare da faɗaɗa madadin sararin cikin gida.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-03-2023